Asthma

              

             # Definition

• Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of airway caused by allergic response of bronchi resulting in reversible narrowing of airway due to broncho constriction (spasm),congetion and thickening of walls of bronchi and accumulation of mucus.            
• It produce wheezing sound due to inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles.                                                    
• Asthma is a condition in which a persons airways become narrow and swell and produce extra mucus.

               # Types 

1. Extrinsic (Allergic) - Commonly occur     in childhood.
2. Intrinsic ( non allergic )- Commonly        occur about 35 years age.

            # Causes/Aetiology

   A- Air pollution.,Cigarette     smoking,Industrial smoke ,SO2, Ozone

   S- Stress/ Emotional upset.

   T-Change in temperature.

   H- Change in humidity.

   M- Medication like NSAIDS ,B blockers.

   A- Allergen inhalation.

            # Risk factor

  (POLAR FAMILY URBAN LIVING)

  P - Passive Smoking.

  O- Obesity

  L- Low birth weight.

  A- History of Allergen.

  R- Regular use of NSAIDs.

  Family- Family history.

  Urban- Urban Living.

  Living

            # Sign and Symptoms

1. Cough(All night and early in morning).
2. Chest pain &Tightness.
3. Dyspnoea(Breathlessness).
4. Hypoxemia
5. Wheezing sound.
6. Sound during inspiration.(Ronchi).
7. Prolong Expiration.

         

            # Diagnostic Evaluation

1. Physical examination.
2. History Collection.
3. Spirometry.
4. ABG (Areterial blood gas analysis),like increased acidosis (Pco2).
5. Chest Xray
6. Auscultaion of breath Sound.

•  Auscultaion means method of hearing of heart and lung movement.

           # Complication

1. Atelectasis
2. Cardiac arrest.
3. Pneumonia.
4. Respiratory failure.
5. Status Asthmaticus.  

          

           # Medical management

1. Salbutamol 
2. Atropine sulphate(Nebulizer).
3. Betamethasone 
4. Aminophylline
5. Theophlline.       

             

                     

                      Thanks