Pneumonia

       # Definition

Pneumonia is an inflammation of lung parenchyma which is associated with marked increase interstitial and alveolar fluid.

       # Classification

• Community Acquired Pneumonia
• it occurs in normal healthy persons.
• Viral infection.Bacterial infection.
• Hospital Acquired Pneumonia
• it occurs either when immunity is weak or in lung disorders or anatomical abnormal lungs.

       # Types

1. Segmental Pneumonia- Only in one small segmental lobes of lungs are affected.                    
2. Bilateral Pneumonia- Both side segmental lobes of lungs are affected.                                 
3. Lobar Pneumonia- Complete lobe affected.   
4. Broncho Pneumonia- Patchy like formation in lungs. 

     # Causes/ Aetiology

1. Bacterial infection

• Gram +ve bacteria

- Streptococcus Pneumonia

• Gram -ve bacteria 

   - Psudomonas  
   - Haemophilus influenza

 2. viral infection -

• Adenovirus,
• Influenza virus.

 3. Fungus infection-

• Candidiasis.

4. Mycoplasma and protozoa in AIDS.

      # Risk Factor

• A- Air pollution,Alcoholism,Aspiration.
• B- Bed rest.
• C- Chronic lung,heart & Renal disease.
• D- Diabetes mellitus.
• E- Endotracheal incubation.
• F- Full day smoker 
• G- Growing malnutrition.
• H- HIV AIDS.
• I-  Immuno suppressive therapy.

      

       # Sign & Symptoms

• Fever (high in bacterial & Mild in viral infection).
• cough
• chills
• Headache
• sweating
• pleuritic pain
• Sputum production.
• Cough with blood (Haemoptysis).
• Dyspnoea
• Rapid pulse.
• Low O2 saturation.

          

        # Diagnostic Evaluation

1. Sputum for culture and sensitivity.
2. Bronchoscopy
3. ABG analysis (Arterial blood Gas)
4. X-ray Chest.
5. Cracked Sound 
6. Mountex test.

        # Complication

• Pleural effusion.
• Meningitis.
• Pericarditis.
• Atelectasis.

   

      # Medical management

• Prevention of Pneumonia by Vaccination.
• Use antibiotic- Penicillin,Ampicillin,Erythromycin.
• Bronchodilators are used.
• Aspirin (For chest pain).

      

              Thanks.